Is There a Breast Augmentation Outcome Difference Between Subfascial and Subglandular Implant Placement? A Prospective Randomized Double-Blinded Study.

INTRODUCTION: Subfascial breast augmentation is gaining popularity because of no distortion when the pectoral muscle is contracted and minimizing visualization of the edges of the implant. Although some studies have reported a satisfactory outcome with subfascial technique, it still is controversial the influence of the pectoral fascia and outcome compared to the subglandular technique. Therefore, this prospective randomized study aimed to investigate whether there are clinical/radiological differences between subfascial and subglandular pockets following primary breast augmentation. METHODS: Twenty patient candidates for primary breast augmentation were recruited. Each patient was selected for subfascial or subglandular pockets in a randomized fashion. Both patient and surgeon were blinded. Clinical and radiological differences were evaluated through five independent surgeons and MRI (capsule, folds, fluids, base and projection). Median follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: Breast consistency (p = 0.24), implant pocket (p = 0.52), symmetry (p = 1), contour, and shape (p = 0.09) demonstrated no statistically significant difference after the surgeons' assessments at 3 and 12 months after surgery. MRIs demonstrated a larger implant base in the subfascial group (p = 0.024). No differences were observed in capsule thickness (p = 0.42), folds (p = 0.51), fluids (p = 0.28), or projection (0.20). CONCLUSION: The choice between subfascial and subglandular planes shows no clinical differences and can be selected according to individual professional experience, not evidencing any advantages of one over the other. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Aplasia cutis: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Aplasia cutis: literature review and case report

Aplasia cútis congênita (ACC) é uma doença rara, caracterizada pela ausência de formação completa da pele. Geralmente ocorre no couro cabeludo, na linha mediana, e se apresenta ao nascimento como uma ferida que pode atingir diferentes profundidades e envolver o periósteo, crânio e dura-máter. Apresentamos dois casos de recém-nascidos com aplasia cútis congênita no couro cabeludo que foram tratados no Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal de Curitiba- Paraná. Devido à raridade da ACC e ao pequeno número de pacientes nas séries publicadas na literatura, a padronização do tratamento ainda é incipiente. O propósito do presente trabalho é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnóstico e formas de tratamento da ACC de couro cabeludo.

Aplasia cutis congenital (ACC) is a rare disease characterized by the absence of skin formation. Usually occurs on the scalp, in the midline, and presents at birth as a wound that can reach different depths and can involve the periosteum, skull and dura. We present two cases of newborns with congenital cutis aplasia on the scalp that were treated at the Center for Integral Assistance of Cleft Lip and Palate Curitiba-Paraná. Due to the rarity of ACC and the small number of patients in published series in the literature, standardization of treatment is still a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment modalities of ACC of the scalp.

Galactorreia: como abordar essa complicação incomum após mamoplastia de aumento / Galactorrhea: how to address this unusual complication after augmentation mammoplasty

INTRODUÇÃO: Galactorreia e formação de galactocele após mamoplastia de aumento é uma complicação descrita na literatura, porém a causa permanece desconhecida. MÉTODOS: Apresentamos um caso de uma paciente de 28 anos que foi submetida à cirurgia de mamoplastia de aumento via sulco inframamário, com implante colocado no plano subfascial, que evoluiu, no 7º dia pós-operatório, com galactorreia exteriorizada pela incisão, e propomos um algoritmo para diagnóstico e tratamento de galactorreia após mamoplastias. RESULTADOS: A complicação foi tratada com o uso de agente supressor da lactação, a cabergolina, apresentando boa evolução. CONCLUSÃO: Galactorreia é uma complicação incomum após mamoplastias de aumento, que deve ser sempre lembrada em casos de drenagem de secreção pela incisão por tratar-se de um diagnóstico diferencial com infecção.

INTRODUCTION: Galactorrhea and galactocele formation after breast augmentation are complications reported in the literature, but the cause remains unknown. METHODS: We present a case of a 28-year-old patient who underwent breast augmentation surgery via the inframammary fold with an implant placed in the subfascial plane, which developed galactorrhea from the incision on the seventh postoperative day, and we propose an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of galactorrhea after mammoplasties. RESULTS: The complication was treated with the use of a lactation suppressor, cabergoline, presenting good outcomes. CONCLUSION: Galactorrhea is an uncommon complication after augmentation mammoplasties, which should always be considered in cases of secretions from an incision because it is a differential diagnosis for infections.

Braquio-dorso-mamoplastia: cirurgia do contorno corporal da região superior do tronco após grandes perdas ponderais / Brachial-dorsal mammoplasty: body contour surgery of the upper region of the trunk after major weight loss

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil foram realizadas 88 mil cirurgias bariátricas em 2014. Após o emagrecimento, ocorre desinsuflação de todo o tronco, com flacidez e dobra de excesso cutâneo das mamas à região dorsal posterior. Por isso, propomos procedimento cirúrgico que trate a região superior toda do tronco, incluindo mamas, dorso lateral e posterior e braços. OBJETIVO: Mostrar a experiência pessoal em cirurgias de braquio-dorso-mamoplastia. MÉTODO: Foram operados 13 pacientes no período de 2007 a 2014, sendo 11 mulheres e dois homens. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 41,9 anos. A braquio-dorso-mamoplastia foi realizada em todos os pacientes. Em três casos, foi realizada braquio-dorso-mamoplastia em L, devido à menor deformidade latero-posterior. A duração média das cirurgias foi de 4 horas e 30 minutos. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) médio, antes da cirurgia bariátrica, foi de 53,5 kg/m2. As perdas ponderais variaram de 47 a 114 kg. O IMC pré-operatório variou de 23 a 39 kg/m2. Não houve casos de infecção, grandes deiscências ou seroma. Duas pacientes evoluíram com hematoma, necessitando de nova intervenção para drenagem. CONCLUSÃO: As deformidades da região torácica no paciente com perda ponderal maciça são variáveis, sendo necessários diversos tratamentos cirúrgicos que deverão abordar o tórax inteiro como área anatômica única. É importante compreender a deformidade que cada paciente apresenta e adequar a abordagem cirúrgica em conformidade. A indicação principal para uma braquio-dorso-mamoplastia é a queda lateral do sulco inframamário.

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, 88000 bariatric surgeries were performed in 2014. After weight loss, deflation occurs around the trunk, with sagging and folding of excess skin of the breasts in the posterior dorsal region . We, therefore, propose a surgical procedure to treat upper region of the entire trunk, including breasts, side and rear back, and arms. OBJECTIVE: To present a personal experience in brachial-dorsal mammoplasty surgeries. METHOD: We operated 13 patients from 2007 to 2014, 11 women and two men. RESULTS: The average age was 41.9 years. The brachial-dorsal mammoplasty was performed in all patients. In three cases, L-brachial-dorsal mammoplasty was performed, due to lower latero-posterior deformity. The average surgery duration was 4 hours and 30 minutes. The average Body Mass Index (BMI), before bariatric surgery, was 53.5 kg/m2. Weight loss ranged from 47 to 114 kg. The pre-surgery BMI ranged from 23 to 39 kg/m2. There were no cases of infection, large dehiscence or seroma. Two patients developed hematoma, requiring a new intervention for drainage. CONCLUSION: Deformities of the thoracic region in patients with large weight loss are variable, requiring several surgical treatments that should address the entire chest as a single anatomical area. It is important to understand the deformity that each patient presents and adapt the surgical approach accordingly. The main indication for a brachial-dorsal mammoplasty is lateral drop of the inframammary fold.

Síndrome de Fournier: Reconstrução de bolsa testicular com retalho fasciocutâneo de região interna de coxa / Fournier gangrene: Reconstruction of the scrotal sac with a fasciocutaneous flap from the internal thigh region

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Fournier é uma infecção multibacteriana de rápida progressão em região perineal. Seu tratamento inclui desbridamento, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e terapia com oxigênio em câmara hiperbárica. O desbridamento agressivo tipicamente resulta em perda da cobertura cutânea de toda bolsa escrotal, expondo ambos os testículos. No tratamento, é necessária a utilização de retalhos bem vascularizados para o reestabelecimento das funções. MÉTODO: Apresentamos a aplicação de um retalho fasciocutâneo, aproveitando a rica rede arterial da região interna da coxa para a reconstrução perineal, proposto por Ferreira et al., o qual permite o tratamento de amplos defeitos. CONCLUSÃO: O retalho descrito para reconstrução perineal é bastante versátil. Suas vantagens incluem a possibilidade de ser utilizado em diversas situações clínicas, baixo acometimento de gangrena na região doadora, reconstrução em único estágio e a espessura do retalho adequada para reconstrução desta região.

INTRODUCTION: Fournier gangrene is a rapidly progressing multi-bacterial infection in the perineal region. The treatment of this condition includes debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and oxygen therapy in a hyperbaric chamber. Aggressive debridement typically results in the loss of skin coverage of the entire scrotal sac, and the exposure of both testes. During treatment, it is essential to use well-vascularized flaps to ensure the recovery of function. METHOD: We describe the application of a fasciocutaneous flap-which takes advantage of the rich arterial network of the internal region of the thigh-in the perineal reconstruction method proposed by Ferreira et al. that allows for the treatment of large defects. CONCLUSION: The flap is quite versatile. Its advantages include its utility in various clinical situations, low risk of gangrene in the donor area, single-stage reconstruction, and adequate flap thickness for reconstruction.

[Is professional recognition in plastic surgery related to activity in research]. / O reconhecimento profissional na cirurgia plástica está correlacionado com atividade em pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of medical research, with the participation of prominent plastic surgeon in Congress. METHODS: We reviewed the scientific programs of the last 3 Brazilian Congress of Surgery, were selected 21 Brazilian plástic surgeons invited to serve as panelists or speakers in roundtable sessions in the last 3 congresses (Group 1). We randomly selected and paired by other members (associates) of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, with no participation in congress as speaker (Group 2). We conducted a search for articles published in journals indexed in Medline, Lilacs and SciELO for all doctors selected during the entire academic career and the last 5 years from March 2007 until March 2012. We assessed the research activity through the simple counting of the number of publications in indexed journals for each professional. The number of publications groups was compared. RESULTS: articles produced throughout career: Group 1- 639 articles (average of 30.42 items each). Group 2- 79 articles (mean 3.95 articles each). Difference between medias: p <0.001. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery seeking professionals with a greater number of publications and journals of higher impact. This approach encourages new members to pursue a higher qualification, and give security to congressmen, they can rely on the existence of a technical criterion in the choice of speakers.

Is professional recognition in plastic surgery related to activity in research / O reconhecimento profissional na cirurgia plástica está correlacionado com atividade em pesquisa

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of medical research, with the participation of prominent plastic surgeon in Congress. METHODS: We reviewed the scientific programs of the last 3 Brazilian Congress of Surgery, were selected 21 Brazilian plástic surgeons invited to serve as panelists or speakers in roundtable sessions in the last 3 congresses (Group 1). We randomly selected and paired by other members (associates) of the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery, with no participation in congress as speaker (Group 2). We conducted a search for articles published in journals indexed in Medline, Lilacs and SciELO for all doctors selected during the entire academic career and the last 5 years from March 2007 until March 2012. We assessed the research activity through the simple counting of the number of publications in indexed journals for each professional. The number of publications groups was compared. RESULTS: articles produced throughout career: Group 1- 639 articles (average of 30.42 items each). Group 2- 79 articles (mean 3.95 articles each). Difference between medias: p <0.001. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery seeking professionals with a greater number of publications and journals of higher impact. This approach encourages new members to pursue a higher qualification, and give security to congressmen, they can rely on the existence of a technical criterion in the choice of speakers. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar a relação da atividade médica em pesquisa com a participação de destaque, em congressos, do cirurgião plástico. MÉTODOS: analisamos os programas científicos dos três últimos congressos brasileiros de Cirurgia Plástica. Foram selecionados 21 palestrantes brasileiros convidados como conferencistas ou palestrantes nas sessões de mesa redonda (Grupo 1). Selecionamos aleatoriamente e por pareamento, outros membros (associados ou titulares) da sociedade, mas não palestrantes (Grupo 2). Foi realizada busca de artigos publicados em revistas indexadas ao Medline, Lilacs e SciELO por todos os médicos selecionados, durante toda a carreira acadêmica e de março de 2007 até março de 2012. Avaliamos a atividade em pesquisa através da contagem simples do número de publicações nas revistas indexadas para cada profissional. O número de publicações dos grupos foi comparado. RESULTADOS: artigos produzidos durante toda carreira: Grupo 1 - 639 trabalhos (média de 30,42); Grupo 2 - 79 trabalhos (média de 3,95). Diferença entre as médias: p<0,001. . CONCLUSÃO: os resultados demonstram que a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica colocou os especialistas com maior numero de publicações e, em revistas de maior impacto como palestrantes em seus congressos. Essa conduta estimula os novos membros a buscar uma maior qualificação e dá segurança aos congressistas, que podem confiar na existência de um critério técnico na escolha dos palestrantes. .

Mandibular distraction in hemifacial microsomia is not a permanent treatment: a long-term evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Hemifacial microsomia presents with abnormalities including short ramus, absence of condyle, abnormal canting, deviated chin, and facial asymmetry. Many studies about distraction osteogenesis have been published over the last 20 years, but without long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia who were treated with mandible distraction and with follow-up of more than 5 years. METHODS: The following retrospective study was evaluated and approved by the Assistance Center for Cleft Lip and Palate. Data were compiled from the charts of 33 patients with hemifacial microsomia who underwent unilateral mandible distraction. RESULTS: Average age at time of procedure was 7.3 years, with an average degree of distraction of 20 mm. Seventy percent of cases were treated with internal distraction, 30% external. Follow-up varied between 5 and 15 years, with a mean follow-up of 9 years. Ninety percent of the 33 patients in the study had recurrence of their asymmetry. Mean time to postsurgical recurrence was 44 months. Thirty patients were referred for orthognathic surgery. Six patients have already undergone corrective bimaxillary surgery. One patient underwent genioplasty only, and 1 patient underwent genioplasty with orthognathic jaw surgery. Twenty-two patients are awaiting orthognathic surgery, including one with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Only 3 subjects had good outcomes, without signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Bone distraction once seemed a promising long-term option for treatment of craniofacial microsomia. However, this has not proven effective for all cases, and most patients needed subsequent orthognathic surgery.

Síndrome de Romberg: uma série de casos / Romberg´s syndrome: a series of cases

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Romberg é uma moléstia descrita há mais de um século e, nesse período, recebeu várias denominações. É caracterizada por lenta e progressiva atrofia dos tecidos de uma hemiface, podendo acometer todos os tecidos e apresentar, também, manifestações neurológicas e oculares. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar série de casos de pacientes com atrofia hemifacial progressiva, abordando as opções terapêuticas individualizadas para cada caso. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico de pacientes atendidos nos ambulatórios de Cirurgia Plástica no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná e no Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal (CAIF), em Curitiba, PR, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 13 pacientes, sendo 10 (76,9%) do sexo feminino e 3 (23,1%) do sexo masculino. A idade de início dos sintomas variou de 2 anos a 15 anos. A primeira consulta ocorreu, em média, aos 11,7 anos. A hemiface mais frequentemente afetada foi a esquerda. Sete (53,8%) pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome de Romberg é uma entidade rara, devastadora na aparência facial, que tem sido muito estudada. Apesar dos grandes avanços da medicina, a definição de sua etiologia e um tratamento direcionado a sua causa ainda são apenas um desejo.

BACKGROUND: The Romberg's syndrome is a disease that was first described more than a century ago, and during this period had several names. It is characterized by a slow and progressive atrophy of the tissues of a hemiface, can affect all tissues and can also display neurological and ocular manifestations. The aim of this study is to report a series of patients with progressive hemifacial atrophy, addressing treatment options for each individual case. METHODS: Was conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study of the patients treated in our service, Plastic Surgery at the Hospital de Clinicas - Universidade Federal do Paraná, and the Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal (CAIF), at Curitiba, PR, Brazil. RESULTS: Were analyzed 13 patients, 10 (76.9%) female and 3 (23.1%) male. The age of onset of symptoms ranged from 2 to 15 years. The first medical consultation with an specialist occurred at 11.7 years. The left hemiface was most commonly affected. Seven (53.8%) patients underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The Romberg's syndrome is a rare disorder, devastating to facial appearance, and it has been widely studied. Despite great advances in medicine, its etiology definition and the treatment directed to its cause is still only a wish.

Incisão periareolar em zigue-zague modificada: técnica alternativa para mastoplastia de aumento / Modified zigzag periareolar incision: alternative technique for augmentation mammaplasty

Mastoplastia de aumento é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas em todo o mundo. Variáveis como tamanho e localização do implante, bem como o tipo de incisão, influenciam o resultado final. A abordagem periareolar é bem conhecida e difundida, porém sua cicatriz pode, muitas vezes, ser motivo de insatisfação da paciente. Uma modificação da técnica periareolar é apresentada, com incisão em zigue-zague, para mamoplastias de aumento, permitindo a obtenção de cicatrizes imperceptíveis. A técnica descrita é uma excelente alternativa para mastoplastia de aumento, proporcionando resultado estético satisfatório, com cicatriz camuflada na transição da pele periareolar com o complexo areolopapilar, que é naturalmente irregular.

Augmentation mammaplasty is one of the most common surgeries worldwide. Variables such as implant size and location as well as incision type influence the final result. The periareolar approach is well known and disseminated; however, the resulting scar is a common reason for patient dissatisfaction. We present a modified periareolar technique using a zigzag incision that results in invisible scars after augmentation mammaplasty. The technique described here is an excellent alternative for augmentation mammaplasty and has an esthetic satisfactory result with imperceptible scars in the periareolar skin of the nipple-areola complex, which is naturally irregular.

Acute abdomen after abdominoplasty: differential diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Abdominoplasty is a very common elective procedure in plastic surgery. Surgical accidents can lead to serious complications that result in an acute surgical abdomen, but in rare cases, an acute surgical abdomen not related to the procedure develops. This report discusses the diagnostic approach for patients with an acute abdomen after abdominoplasty and presents a case of appendicitis in the immediate postoperative period. The importance of postoperative follow-up evaluation by the same surgeon who performed the procedure is discussed as well as the need for adequate general surgery training to obtain the correct diagnosis and perform the urgent operation required to avoid a detrimental outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .